The Flight to Varennes; The Feuillants and the War; Dumouriez; The Catastrophe of Monarchy; The Execution of the King; The Fall of the Gironde; The Reign of Terror; Robespierre; La Vendée; The European War; After the Terror; Appendix; The Literature of the Revolution They escaped only as far as the small town of Varennes-en-Argonne, … [6] At Montmédy General François Claude de Bouillé, the marquis de Bouillé; had concentrated a force of 10,000 regulars of the old royal army who were considered to still be loyal to the monarchy. If the latter, how would he do that? Louis XVI's justification for his actions during the Flight to Varennes (June 1791) The Flight to Varennes, June 20, 1791 The Flight to Varennes served as a major journee because it showed the National Assembly as well as the French people, that Louis XVI could no longer be trusted. Primary Sources. During the night of 20–21 June 1791, French King Louis XVI (1754 – 1793), his wife, Marie-Antoinette (1755 – 1793), their children, Louis-Charles (1785 – 1795), the dauphin, or heir apparent, and his sister Marie-Thérèse (1778 – 1851), the king’s sister Élisabeth of France (1764 – 1794) attempted to escape France. [9], In the event a series of mistakes and mishaps led to the royal family being stopped at Varennes and returned to Paris. The court expectation was that "numerous faithful subjects of all classes" would then rally to demand the restoration of the rights of the throne and that order would be restored without the need for civil war or foreign invasion. Online Sources - The French Revolution Liberty, Equality, Fraternity: Exploring the French Revoltion provides an accessible and lively introduction to the French Revolution as well as an extraordinary archive of some of the most important documentary evidence from the Revolution, including 338 texts, 245 images, and a number of maps and songs. After all the evidence has been presented, students should reach a final judgement and present their rationale. Highlight that this is the sentiment of some people outside the walls of the Assembly. This attack led in turn to the suspension of the king's powers by the Legislative Assembly and the proclamation of the First French Republic on 21 September. Varennes-en-Argonne, plaque de l'arrestation de Louis XVI.jpg 335 × 410; 96 KB. Arrest of Louis XVI and his Family, Varennes, 1791.jpg 900 × 652; 152 KB. Search. Your email address will not be published. Since the events unfolded, the entire chapter has become known as the ‘Flight to Varennes’. Convicted, Louis was sent to the guillotine on 21 January 1793. As the discussion progresses, introduce new pieces of evidence. Flight to varennes historiography essay role engineers nation building essay stochastik baumdiagramm beispiel essay. Discuss the change in the relationship between the two sources. Draw on previous knowledge of the August Decrees, the Declaration of the Rights of Man, and the drafts of the Constituent Assembly to show that now the people were exercising authority rather than the monarchy. Cambridge University Press. What has changed? When the royal family finally returned under guard to Paris, the revolutionary crowd met the royal carriage with uncharacteristic silence and consequently, complete shock rippled throughout the crowd at the sight of their king. While some of the sources used in this lesson have been edited for length, the text is presented as it is in the original translations in order to immerse students in the structures and language of the 18th century. 1 print : engraving, colour. The royal Flight to Varennes during the night of 20–21 June 1791 was a significant episode in the French Revolution in which King Louis XVI of France, his queen Marie Antoinette, and their immediate family unsuccessfully attempted to escape from Paris in order to initiate a counter-revolution at the head of loyal troops under royalist officers concentrated at Montmédy near the frontier. [7] De Bouillé himself had shown energy and ruthlessness in suppressing a serious mutiny in Nancy in 1790. Alternatively each one is linked to separately in the lesson overview below. He appeared twice, on 11 and 23 December, before the National Convention. Prodded by the queen, Louis committed himself and his family to a disastrous attempt of escape from the capital to the easter… Rome2rio makes travelling from Varennes to Milan Malpensa Airport (MXP) easy. The Flight to Varennes. Visit the French Revolution Book Collection. This page was last modified on 23 December 2015, at 17:32. How does this affect previous judgements? Richard Cavendish | Published in History Today Volume 66 Issue 6 June 2016. Don’t share the story yet, but point out the date as being much later than the letter: it is after the Fall of the Bastille, the October Days, and the first meeting of the Constituent Assembly. Show Source B – a contemporary illustration of the royal family being returned to Paris after being captured at Varennes. The outbreak of the war with Austria in April 1792 and the publication of a manifesto by the Austrian commander, Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick, threatening the destruction of Paris if the safety of the royal family was again endangered, led to the storming of the Tuileries by Parisian radicals on 10 August 1792. Prodded by the queen, Louis committed himself and his family to a disastrous attempt of escape from the capital to the eastern frontier on 21 June 1791. No need to register, buy now! Prompted by Marie Antoinette, Louis rejected the advice of the moderate constitutionalists, led by Antoine Barnave, to fully implement the Constitution of 1791, which he had sworn to maintain. The realization that the king had effectually repudiated the revolutionary reforms made to that point came as a shock to people who, until then, had seen him as a fundamentally decent king who governed as a manifestation of God's will. For this religious man, the Civil Constitution of the Clergy was the last straw. A detailed document entitled Declaration to the French People prepared by Louis for presentation to the National Assembly and left behind in the Tuileries indicates that his personal goal was a return to the concessions and compromises contained in the declaration of the Third Estate on 23 June 1789, immediately prior to the outbreak of violence in Paris and the storming of the Bastille. Study Source C, Source D and Source E. What do they reveal about the king’s reasons for escaping? The French Revolution Primary Sources. Discuss how different interest groups in France would respond on his return – what options were open to the Assembly? The students now take the role of the Assembly and must prioritise five possible responses (printing a copy of these as A5 cards can help them visualise the debate). Flight to Varennes. The credibility of the king as a constitutional monarch had been seriously undermined by the escape attempt. By using documents to consider the public and private attitude of Louis towards the Revolution, and how his attitude changed over time, students are equipped to understand why the Revolution became more radical. On the night of 20 June 1791 a portly middle-aged man, dressed inconspicuously in brown, with a dark green overcoat and his hair covered by a grey wig, walked out of the Tuileries palace past the guards. ; Berthault sculp. He gave the following statement to explain his flight to Varennes the week before: “The reasons for my leaving were the insults and threats given against my family and myself on April 18th. How to Cite This Source. Introduce Source F. Explain that it was written before the Flight, but found afterwards during a search of the royal apartments. He decided to leave the country. Everyone realized that war was imminent. They escaped only as far as the small town of Varennes, where they were arrested after having been recognized at their previous stop in Sainte-Menehould. He was 19 when he succeeded his grandfather, Louis XV, in 1774. The failure of the escape plans was due to a series of misadventures, delays, misinterpretations, and poor judgments. Armand and Zoe had a position which was more similar to that of Ernestine: Armand lived at court with the king and queen until he left them at the outbreak of the revolution because of his republican sympathies, and Zoe was chosen to be the playmate of the Dauphin, just as Ernestine had once been selected as the playmate of Marie-Therese, and sent away to her sisters in a convent boarding school before the Flight to Varennes … A straightforward powerpoint based lesson with starter, written activity and extension. Plaque de l'arrestation de Louis XVI.jpg 335 × 410 ; 96 KB RM.! 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